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　　Have you ever heard of unmanned farms?【2】

4、我國無人農(nóng)場的發(fā)展對策

經(jīng)過多年的政策布局和項目實施，我國的無人農(nóng)場呈現(xiàn)了良好的發(fā)展勢頭。十四五期間，為進一步推動無人農(nóng)場的發(fā)展，需要不斷完善無人農(nóng)場基礎(chǔ)理論，加強關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實用產(chǎn)品研發(fā)，積極探索無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展商業(yè)模式，進一步優(yōu)化和完善無人農(nóng)場政策環(huán)境。

2. The development countermeasures of unmanned farms in China

After years of policy layout and project implementation, China's unmanned farms have shown a good momentum of development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, in order to further promote the development of unmanned farms, it is necessary to constantly improve the basic theory of unmanned farms, strengthen the research and development of key technologies and practical products, actively explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and further optimize and improve the policy environment of unmannedfarms.
4.1、加強無人農(nóng)場基礎(chǔ)理論、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實用產(chǎn)品研發(fā)

無人農(nóng)場是新生事物，無人農(nóng)場的基礎(chǔ)理論關(guān)鍵技術(shù)有許多問題值得進一步深入探索。當(dāng)前迫切需要加強農(nóng)業(yè)傳感器、動植物表型及生長優(yōu)化調(diào)控模型、自主作業(yè)機器人等卡脖子技術(shù)的研發(fā)；在農(nóng)機無人駕駛、無人機、無人豬場、無人雞場、無人漁場等數(shù)字化基礎(chǔ)好、可控性強的領(lǐng)域進行率先嘗試，通過技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、聯(lián)合開發(fā)、委托開發(fā)和共建研發(fā)基地、產(chǎn)業(yè)化中試基地等手段，促進無人農(nóng)場技術(shù)試驗示范與產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。

集中力量加強攻關(guān)，突破農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)核心技術(shù)和重大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是無人農(nóng)場走向成熟的關(guān)鍵。要瞄準農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化與鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的重大需求，加強物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)集成應(yīng)用與示范，加快人工智能與農(nóng)業(yè)機器人研發(fā)，推動農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)能力建設(shè)力度，推進農(nóng)機、農(nóng)藝和信息技術(shù)等集成研究與系統(tǒng)示范，突破農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)融匯治理技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)信息智能分析決策技術(shù)、云服務(wù)技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)知識智能推送和應(yīng)答等新型知識服務(wù)技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)裝備作業(yè)信息感知、定量決策、智能控制、精準投入、個性服務(wù)。

4.1、Strengthen the research and development of basic theories, key technologies and practical products of unmanned farms

Unmanned farm is a new thing, and there are many problems in the basic theory of unmanned farm worth further exploration. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the research and development of bottleneck technologies such as agricultural sensors, animal and plant phenotype and growth optimization regulation model, independent operation robot; take the lead in the areas with good digital foundation and strong controllability such as unmanned agricultural machinery, unmanned pig farm, unmanned chicken farm, unmanned fishing farm,and promote the experimental demonstration and industrialization development of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint development base and industrialization pilot base.

the Internet of things technology integration application and demonstration, speed up the artificial intelligence and agricultural robot development, promote agricultural data ability construction, promote agricultural machinery, agronomy and information technology integrated research and system demonstration, breakthrough in agricultural big data management technology, agricultural information intelligent analysis decision-making technology, cloud service technology, agricultural knowledge intelligent push and responsenew knowledge service technology, agricultural equipment operation information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control, precise input, personality service.

4.2、編制無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展規(guī)劃

圍繞無人農(nóng)場技術(shù)研發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)化、推廣、應(yīng)用和服務(wù)過程中的重大問題，做好頂層設(shè)計，制定無人農(nóng)場在農(nóng)業(yè)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)和特色區(qū)域的發(fā)展方向、重點領(lǐng)域、發(fā)展模式及推進路徑，合理布局無人農(nóng)場重大應(yīng)用示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化項目，強化政府對無人農(nóng)場工作的宏觀指導(dǎo)和統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，集聚項目、資金、科技、人才等資源，促進無人農(nóng)場的應(yīng)用發(fā)展。即要防范一哄而上式的盲人摸象式發(fā)展，又要反對抱殘守缺式的畏難情緒。具體到某一地方，要突出地域優(yōu)勢，圍繞把地域優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢來開展無人農(nóng)場建設(shè)。

統(tǒng)一的行業(yè)標(biāo)準是無人農(nóng)場建設(shè)和發(fā)展的前提，無人農(nóng)場還處于實驗驗證階段，涉及到多層次的交叉學(xué)科和技術(shù)，當(dāng)前與無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)的各類技術(shù)標(biāo)準體系還不足以全面支撐無人農(nóng)場標(biāo)準化發(fā)展，要根據(jù)我國對無人農(nóng)場的現(xiàn)實需求和最佳應(yīng)用模式，加強無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)國家標(biāo)準制定。加大對標(biāo)準化研究的投入力度，加強標(biāo)準化隊伍建設(shè)。制定無人農(nóng)場標(biāo)準要與國際接軌，重視技術(shù)標(biāo)準國際化，注重?zé)o人農(nóng)場國際標(biāo)準化戰(zhàn)略的研究與實施。

4.2. Formulate development plans for unmanned farms

Around no farm technology research and development, transformation, promotion, application and major issues in the process of service, completes the top design, develop no farm in agricultural leading industry and characteristic area development direction, key areas, development mode and path, reasonable layout no farm major application demonstration and industrialization projects, strengthen the government to no farm work macro guidance and overall coordination, agglomeration projects, capital, science and technology, talent resources, promote the development ofthe application of no farm. That is, we should guard against the development of the blind and the elephant, and we should oppose the fear of the disabled. Specifically to a certain place, we should highlight the regional advantages and carry out the construction of unmanned farms around transforming the regional advantages into economic advantages.

development, according to the real demand of unmanned farm and the best application mode, strengthen the unmanned farm related national standards. Increase the investment in standardization research and strengthen the construction of standardization team. The formulation of unmanned farm standards should be in line with the international standards, attach importance to the internationalization of technical standards, and pay attention to the research and implementation of the international standardization strategy of unmanned farms.

4.3、探索無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展商業(yè)模式

無人農(nóng)場必須要堅持商業(yè)化運行、企業(yè)化為主體、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群化發(fā)展的思路，充分發(fā)揮協(xié)會、產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟、企業(yè)主導(dǎo)的作用，構(gòu)建以應(yīng)用需求為牽引，以企業(yè)為主體，以市場需求為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的無人農(nóng)場合作發(fā)展模式，鼓勵大型農(nóng)業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)積極探索。要采取合作社+無人農(nóng)場的模式，選擇實力型合作社，國家給予必要扶持，使其起到示范、輻射作用，達到積蓄力量促進發(fā)展的政策目標(biāo)。

要統(tǒng)籌技術(shù)、標(biāo)準、人才和基地建設(shè)，依托一批核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，通過技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、聯(lián)合開發(fā)、委托開發(fā)和共建研發(fā)基地、產(chǎn)業(yè)化中試基地，促進無人農(nóng)場技術(shù)試驗示范與產(chǎn)業(yè)化。充分發(fā)揮協(xié)會、聯(lián)盟、企業(yè)的作用，探索無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展的商業(yè)模式，構(gòu)建以應(yīng)用需求為牽引、以企業(yè)為主體、以市場需求為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的無人農(nóng)場合作發(fā)展模式。

4.3. Explore the business model of unmanned farms

No farm must adhere to the commercial operation, enterprise into the main body, the idea of industrial cluster development, give full play to the association, industry alliance, enterprise leading role, build application demand for traction, take the enterprise as the main body, market demand oriented, the combination of no farm cooperation development mode, encourage large agricultural leading enterprises to actively explore. The model of cooperatives + unmanned farms should be adopted, and powerful cooperatives should be selected, and the state shouldt, so that they can play a demonstration and radiation role, so as to achieve the policy goal of accumulating strength to promote development.

industrialization of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint construction of research and development bases and industrialization pilot bases. Give full play to the role of associations, alliances and enterprises, explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and build a cooperative development model of unmanned farms with application demand as the traction, enterprises as the main body, market demand as the guidance, and the combination of industry, university and research.

4.4、進一步優(yōu)化和完善無人農(nóng)場政策環(huán)境

無人農(nóng)場是我國戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，是未來發(fā)展趨勢，在當(dāng)前技術(shù)和商業(yè)模式尚不成熟的條件下，其成本高、投入大。因此需要政府構(gòu)建無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展的政策支持環(huán)境，加快制訂包括補貼、投資、金融、信貸、稅收、電商、重大項目建設(shè)等政策支撐體系，鼓勵民營資本進入，促進無人農(nóng)場產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。農(nóng)技、農(nóng)機等技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用部門應(yīng)主動參與，積極學(xué)習(xí)，成為無人農(nóng)場建設(shè)的助推器。要有所作為，推動發(fā)展，為農(nóng)業(yè)新一輪發(fā)展提供科技支持。

吸引和培養(yǎng)無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)的高端人才和創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才，支持一批領(lǐng)軍人才和青年拔尖人才成長。依托重大工程項目，鼓勵校企合作，在高等學(xué)校加強人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)等相關(guān)學(xué)科專業(yè)建設(shè)，引導(dǎo)職業(yè)學(xué)校培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的技能型人才。鼓勵信息化領(lǐng)域人才進入無人農(nóng)場領(lǐng)域開展相關(guān)科學(xué)研究與應(yīng)用推廣。積極開展技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，建設(shè)懂技術(shù)會操作的智慧農(nóng)業(yè)推廣隊伍。鼓勵領(lǐng)先企業(yè)、行業(yè)服務(wù)機構(gòu)等培養(yǎng)高水平的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能與機器人人才隊伍，面向重點行業(yè)提供行業(yè)解決方案，推廣行業(yè)最佳應(yīng)用實踐。

4.4. Further optimize and improve the policy environment for unmanned farms

Unmanned farm is a strategic emerging industry in China, which is the future development trend. Under the current technology and business model are not mature, it has high cost and large investment. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to build a policy support environment for the development of unmanned farms, accelerate the formulation of policy support systems including subsidies, investment, finance, credit, taxation, e-commerce, and major project construction, encourage the entry of private capital, and promote the industrialization development of unmanned farms. Agricultural technology and agricultural machinery technology popularization and application departments should take the initiative to participate, actively learn, and become the booster for the construction of unmanned farms. Efforts should be made to promote development and provide scientific and technological support for a new round of agricultural development.

higher learning, and guide vocational schools to train skilled talents urgently needed for industrial development. Encourage talents in the field of information technology to enter the relevant scientific research and application promotion in the field of unmanned farms. Actively carry out technical training, and build a smart agricultural extension team who knows the technology and operation. Leading enterprises and industry service agencies are encouraged to cultivate high-level talent teams of the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence androbots, provide industry solutions for key industries, and promote the best application practices in the industry.

4.5、推動在國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)示范區(qū)內(nèi)建成一批大田種植、設(shè)施園藝、畜禽養(yǎng)殖、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖等領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新性強的無人農(nóng)場示范區(qū)，不斷推進無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)技術(shù)在示范區(qū)內(nèi)率先取得突破。利用國有墾區(qū)組織化、規(guī)?；⒓s化、機械化水平明顯高于其他地區(qū)的優(yōu)勢，針對不同墾區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物、奶牛、生豬，探索建立無人作業(yè)模式，發(fā)揮農(nóng)墾的示范引領(lǐng)作用。東部沿海地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平較高，可率先打造一批無人農(nóng)場示范縣(市、區(qū))，待無人農(nóng)場初具規(guī)模并取得顯著成效后逐步向中西部地區(qū)推廣，進而通過無人農(nóng)場帶動全國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式變革升級。

4.5 Promote the construction of a number of innovative unmanned farm demonstration zones in field planting, facility horticulture, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and other fields in the national modern agriculture demonstration zoneContinue to promote the unmanned farm related technology to take the lead in the breakthrough in the demonstration area. Taking advantage of the advantages of organization, scale, intensification and mechanization level of state-owned reclamation areas that are significantly higher than that of other areas, we will explore the establishment of unmanned operation mode for the main crops, dairy cows and pigs in different reclamation areas, and give full play to the demonstration and leading role of agricultural reclamation. The eastern coastal areas have a high level of agricultural modernization, so they can