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　　農(nóng)機(jī)智能化和智慧農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

With the acceleration of agricultural modernization development, agricultural equipment and technology also progress, at the same time, intelligent agricultural machinery has become an inevitable trend of modern agriculture development. As a new type of agriculture, agricultural machinery intelligence and intelligent agriculture can not only improve the performance of agricultural machinery and agricultural production efficiency to a certain extent, but also can effectively meet the needs of social development and promote the road of sustainable development of agriculture. Based on this, on the basis of the intelligent development

隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展步伐的加快，農(nóng)業(yè)裝備技術(shù)也隨之進(jìn)步，同時(shí)，智能化農(nóng)機(jī)也成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。農(nóng)機(jī)智能化和智能農(nóng)業(yè)作為一種新型農(nóng)業(yè)，既可在一定程度上提高農(nóng)機(jī)性能及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率，還可有效滿足社會(huì)發(fā)展需求，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路?；诖?，文章在農(nóng)機(jī)智能化發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合闡述發(fā)展智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的必要性，并提出促進(jìn)智慧農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用發(fā)展的具體策略，希望能為相關(guān)人員提供參考性建議。

agricultural farming mode has been unable to meet the needs of modern agricultural development. Therefore, intelligent agricultural machinery is gradually applied to agricultural production links, which has a positive effect on improving agricultural production efficiency and developing energy-saving agriculture. Therefore, in the process of agricultural development in the future, it is the most important thing to develop intelligent agriculture represented by the intelligence of agricultural machinery. Only in this way can it meet the needs of social development, so thatagriculture and the Internet can better integrate together, gradually upgrade agricultural machinery and equipment, and promote the vigorous development of intelligent agriculture.

近年來，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力及生產(chǎn)水平的迅猛提升，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)耕作模式已無法適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展需求，為此，智能化農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械逐漸應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)，對(duì)提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率、發(fā)展節(jié)能型農(nóng)業(yè)有著積極性作用。為此，在未來農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，著力發(fā)展以農(nóng)機(jī)智能化為代表的智慧農(nóng)業(yè)最為關(guān)鍵，只有這樣，才可吻合社會(huì)發(fā)展需求，使農(nóng)業(yè)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更好的融合在一起，逐步升級(jí)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備，促使智慧農(nóng)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。

1. The necessity of the application and development of intelligent agriculture based on intelligent agricultural machinery

1.基于農(nóng)機(jī)智能化的智慧農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用發(fā)展的必要性

In recent years, information technology has been widely used in all walks of life, which is given priority to with agricultural production, under the impetus of agricultural informatization, agricultural mechanization and comprehensive promotion and popularization, not only to a certain extent, liberate agricultural productivity, save human resources, also can change the traditional agricultural planting disadvantages, make agriculture into the era of wisdom development. Under the background of the growing development of agricultural intelligence, intelligent agriculture caneffectively improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources, improve the crop yield per mu, standardize the agricultural production mode on the basis of saving labor costs, and promote the improvement of the overall production efficiency.For example, in the application of beidou satellite navigation positioning autopilot intelligent seeding process, through many agricultural production, better complete soil preparation and sowing work, and the overall error control within 3cm, fundamentally solve the old planter sowing not straight, pick difficult problems, do not replay, not leakage, to improve the land comprehensive utilization, is the new seeding technology of agriculture.

近年來，信息技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)中，其中以農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為主，在農(nóng)業(yè)信息化的推動(dòng)下，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化也全面推廣與普及，不僅能在一定程度上解放農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力、節(jié)約人力資源，還可改變傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的種植弊端，使農(nóng)業(yè)邁入智慧發(fā)展時(shí)代。在農(nóng)業(yè)智能化日益發(fā)展的背景下，智慧農(nóng)業(yè)可有效提高農(nóng)業(yè)資源利用率，提高農(nóng)作物單位畝產(chǎn)量，在節(jié)約人工成本的基礎(chǔ)上，規(guī)范農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式，促進(jìn)整體生產(chǎn)效益的提升。例如，在應(yīng)用北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航定位自動(dòng)駕駛智能化播種機(jī)的過程中，可貫穿諸多農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)，更好的完成整地與播種工作，并將整體誤差控制在3cm之內(nèi)，從根本上解決老式播種機(jī)播不直、接茬難等問題，做到不重播、不漏播，為提高土地綜合利用率奠定基礎(chǔ)，是造福于農(nóng)業(yè)的新型播種技術(shù)。

2. Measures for applying intelligent agricultural machinery to realize the development of intelligent agriculture

2.應(yīng)用農(nóng)機(jī)智能化實(shí)現(xiàn)智能農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的措施

1) Focus on research and development and innovation of intelligent agricultural machinery

1)注重研發(fā)與創(chuàng)新智能農(nóng)機(jī)

In the process of the agricultural machinery intelligent development, do the most critical to scientific and technological innovation, at the same time, but also guarantee the adequacy of manpower and capital investment, and agricultural machinery intelligent operation, positioning navigation, variable operation technical research, fundamentally improve the production efficiency of agricultural machinery information, agricultural products to forestry and aquaculture penetration, for the whole agricultural production implement intelligent dynamicmanagement. Only in this way can the large-scale agricultural production be fundamentally realized, and on the basis of promoting the increase in income and efficiency of farmers, to further lay the foundation for the agricultural development level in the future.many other links of information and intelligent supervision. Not only that, but also can be installed on the large tractor automatic driving system, and on the waste processor with statistics, identification, analysis of intelligent control system, install automation control device on the rolling machine, make up for the traditional agricultural planting, optimize agricultural production equipment, make the intelligent production mode of agricultural machinery all popularization in the field of agricultural production.

在農(nóng)機(jī)智能化發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，做到科技創(chuàng)新最為關(guān)鍵，同時(shí)，還要保障人力及資金投入的充足性，做好與農(nóng)機(jī)智能化運(yùn)行、定位導(dǎo)航、變量作業(yè)等技術(shù)方面的研究，從根本上提高農(nóng)機(jī)信息化生產(chǎn)效率，促使農(nóng)產(chǎn)品向林業(yè)及水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)滲透，對(duì)整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)實(shí)施智能化動(dòng)態(tài)管理。只有這樣，才可從根本上實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)，在促使農(nóng)戶增收增效的基礎(chǔ)上，為未來農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平更進(jìn)一步奠定基礎(chǔ)。此外，科研部門還要積極研發(fā)與先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的信息裝置，例如：傳感器、采集器、控制器等，同時(shí)，可在部分信息裝置上安裝二維碼標(biāo)識(shí)，對(duì)農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)、播種、施肥、收割等諸多環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行信息化、智能化監(jiān)管。不僅如此，還可在大型拖拉機(jī)上安裝自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)，并在糞污處理器上加裝統(tǒng)計(jì)、識(shí)別、分析等智能控制系統(tǒng)，在卷簾機(jī)上安裝自動(dòng)化控制裝置，彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)種植弊端，優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，使農(nóng)機(jī)智能化生產(chǎn)方式全方面普及于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域中。

2) Accelerate the integration of agricultural machinery and information technology

2)加速農(nóng)機(jī)與信息技術(shù)的融合

Government departments should vigorously promote the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, and promote the construction of agricultural machinery demonstration park to be fully carried out. At the same time, agricultural machinery cooperatives should be set up in various regions, so that the special funds of intelligent agricultural machinery subsidies can better serve agricultural production. Technicians can install Beidou navigation and intelligent monitoring system on large and medium-sized tractors, combine harvesters and plant anti-aircraft aircraft, which can be improved on the basis of the original intelligentinformation level of agricultural machinery.

standard farmland demonstration area and modern agriculture demonstration area, make the farmers see the economic benefits of large-scale production, and in the actual production range of precision farming technology, such as precision irrigation, fertilization, application, etc., encourage cucumber technology to popularize, further improve agricultural scale production efficiency, in reduce expenses at the same time, lay the foundation for farmers' income, efficiency. In the link of technology application, farmers should be actively encouraged to apply Internet technology, and e-commerce services can be carried out through Internet platforms to promote mobile phone clients to farmers in a wide range, improve the timeliness of farmers' ability to obtain agricultural machinery information, and then provide comprehensive and systematic comprehensive services for farmers.

政府部門要大力推行農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策，促使農(nóng)機(jī)化示范園建設(shè)工作得以全面開展，同時(shí)，在各地區(qū)設(shè)立農(nóng)機(jī)合作社，使智能化農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼專項(xiàng)資金更好的服務(wù)于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。技術(shù)人員可在大中型拖拉機(jī)、聯(lián)合收割機(jī)、植防飛機(jī)上加裝北斗導(dǎo)航及智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，這可在原有農(nóng)機(jī)智能化信息水平的基礎(chǔ)上得以提升。另外，要著重發(fā)展大田種植業(yè)，鼓勵(lì)各地區(qū)農(nóng)戶發(fā)展特色農(nóng)業(yè)，并設(shè)立高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田示范區(qū)及現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)示范區(qū)，使廣大農(nóng)戶看到規(guī)?；a(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，并在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)大范圍推廣精準(zhǔn)化種田技術(shù)，如精準(zhǔn)灌溉、施肥、施藥等，促使水肥一體化技術(shù)得以普及，進(jìn)一步提升農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?；a(chǎn)效率，在減少費(fèi)用支出的同時(shí)，為農(nóng)戶增收、增效奠定基礎(chǔ)。在技術(shù)應(yīng)用環(huán)節(jié)，還要積極鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)戶應(yīng)用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，可通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)開展電子商務(wù)服務(wù)，大范圍向農(nóng)戶推廣手機(jī)客戶端，提高農(nóng)戶獲取農(nóng)機(jī)信息的時(shí)效性，進(jìn)而為農(nóng)戶提供全面且系統(tǒng)的綜合性服務(wù)。

3) Create and improve the comprehensive service platform for agricultural machinery informatization

3) 創(chuàng)建和健全農(nóng)機(jī)信息化綜合服務(wù)平臺(tái)

In the process of developing smart agriculture, it is the key to improve and innovate the information service platform of agricultural machinery. Only by providing farmers with high-quality and comprehensive agricultural machinery information services can the long-term development of smart agriculture be promoted.

在發(fā)展智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的過程中，健全、創(chuàng)新農(nóng)機(jī)信息化服務(wù)平臺(tái)很是關(guān)鍵，只有為農(nóng)戶提供優(yōu)質(zhì)、全面的農(nóng)機(jī)信息服務(wù)，才可推進(jìn)智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展。

First, it is necessary to further improve the agricultural production and operation supervision service, command and dispatch system, and do a good job in agricultural machinery quality appraisal, management and maintenance, technology promotion and other related work, so as to lay a foundation for improving the planting efficiency of farmers.

其一，要進(jìn)一步完善農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)監(jiān)管服務(wù)、指揮調(diào)度系統(tǒng)，做好農(nóng)機(jī)質(zhì)量鑒定、管理維修、技術(shù)推廣等相關(guān)工作，為提高農(nóng)戶種植效益奠定基礎(chǔ)。

Second, build and improve the big data application system of agricultural machinery service, and improve the timeliness of farmers to obtain information by providing information data service system. Specifically, in the context of the increasing development of the Internet, the development direction of agriculture needs to be integrated with the Internet. In order to complete this important and basic work, the construction of big data system is the key. Big data system mainly covers the collection, detection, operation, scheduling, and many other digitalmanagement services, formed in the whole process of data transmission, processing and application, the overall agricultural production regulation, scheduling, do a good job of agricultural product quality and maintenance appraisal, fundamentally improve the quality of agricultural production, promote the dual development of agricultural mechanization and intelligence.

其二，建設(shè)健全農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，通過提供信息數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，提高農(nóng)戶獲取信息的時(shí)效性。具體來講，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)日益發(fā)展的背景下，農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展方向需要與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相融合，為完成這一項(xiàng)重要且基礎(chǔ)性的工作，建設(shè)大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)很是關(guān)鍵。大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)主要涵蓋采集、檢測(cè)、運(yùn)行、調(diào)度等諸多數(shù)字化管理服務(wù)，在整個(gè)過程中形成數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸、處理及應(yīng)用，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)整體生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行監(jiān)管、調(diào)度，做好農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量鑒定及農(nóng)機(jī)維修工作，從根本上提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化與智能化的雙重發(fā)展。

Third, to agricultural machinery information resources and agricultural machinery scheduling service better together, as far as possible to achieve "net" and "picture", prompting agriculture walk the road of modernization development, on the basis of ensuring agricultural production efficiency, standardize agricultural planting mode, reasonable purchase of agricultural production device, to ensure that agricultural production tends to be standardized, scientific direction.

其三，要將農(nóng)機(jī)信息資源與農(nóng)機(jī)調(diào)度服務(wù)更好的結(jié)合在一起，盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)“一張網(wǎng)”與“一張圖”的融合，促使農(nóng)業(yè)走現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展之路，在保障農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的基礎(chǔ)上，規(guī)范農(nóng)業(yè)種植模式，合理購進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)裝置，確保農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)趨向規(guī)范化、科學(xué)化方向發(fā)展。

4) Ensure the interconnection of agricultural machinery big data

4)確?；ネɑヂ?lián)農(nóng)機(jī)大數(shù)據(jù)

In the process of intelligent development of agricultural machinery, scientific research department to production, study, research effectively together, and then better processing data resources, make up for the defects of agricultural information, on the basis of sound agricultural information system, make the agricultural information exchange, interconnection, sharing, eventually form a good situation of collaborative processing data resources, make intelligent agricultural machinery to in-depth research and development.

在農(nóng)機(jī)智能化發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中，科研部門要將產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研有效結(jié)合在一起，進(jìn)而更好的處理數(shù)據(jù)資源，彌補(bǔ)農(nóng)業(yè)信息存在的缺陷，在健全農(nóng)業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，使農(nóng)業(yè)信息互通、互聯(lián)、互享，最終形成協(xié)同處理數(shù)據(jù)資源的良好局面，使農(nóng)機(jī)智能化得以深入研究和發(fā)展。

In addition, it should be combined with the 1 + 10 + N intelligent agriculture platform to fully highlight the application advantages of agricultural big data, and provide systematic services such as pest control, agricultural plant protection and meteorological customization for future agricultural production and operation, so as to solve the current situation of low agricultural production efficiency and low quality to a large extent. Not only that, but also improve the agricultural machinery comprehensive service platform index system, ensure the consistency of information data acquisitionterminal, optimize the data exchange interface and data quality, on the basis of existing agricultural information resources integration, through a series of agricultural service related platform, better docking agricultural production and agricultural machinery service work.

此外，還要與1+10+N智慧農(nóng)業(yè)平臺(tái)結(jié)合在一起，充分凸顯農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)，為農(nóng)業(yè)未來生產(chǎn)及經(jīng)營(yíng)提供病蟲害防治、農(nóng)業(yè)植保、氣象私人定制等系統(tǒng)化服務(wù)，進(jìn)而在很大程度上解決當(dāng)今農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率不高、質(zhì)量低等現(xiàn)狀。不僅如此，還要健全完善農(nóng)機(jī)全面服務(wù)平臺(tái)指標(biāo)系統(tǒng)，確保信息數(shù)據(jù)采集終端的一致性，優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)交換接口及數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量等共性指標(biāo)，在現(xiàn)有農(nóng)業(yè)信息資源的基礎(chǔ)上加以整合，打通一系列與農(nóng)業(yè)服務(wù)相關(guān)的平臺(tái)，更好的對(duì)接農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)工作。

machinery, ensure the real-time sharing of agricultural machinery information resources, and fundamentally improve the quality of agricultural machinery production. In a word, under the background of big data information of communication, interconnection and mutual sharing, it can grasp the relevant dynamics in the field of agricultural production in real time, so as to better promote the development of smart agriculture, and finally steadily improve the comprehensive benefits of agricultural production.

一旦農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)與農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)得以有效銜接，就能做好農(nóng)機(jī)大數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)工作，確保農(nóng)機(jī)信息資源實(shí)時(shí)共享，從根本上提高農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量?？偠灾诨ネ?、互聯(lián)、互享的大數(shù)據(jù)信息背景下，能夠?qū)崟r(shí)掌握農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)動(dòng)態(tài)，更好的推動(dòng)智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，最終使農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)綜合效益穩(wěn)定提升。

efficiency and production quality to the maximum, so that intelligent agricultural machinery can better replace human labor, truly realize the purpose of productivity liberation, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Under the premise of the implementation of the land transfer policy, the lack of agricultural labor force is increasingly prominent, which is the urgent development of intelligent agricultural machinery. Under the drive of smart agriculture, the future agriculture has a relatively broad development prospect.

綜上所述，農(nóng)機(jī)智能化和智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的應(yīng)用，可從最大限度上提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的及生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量，使智能農(nóng)機(jī)更好的取代人力勞動(dòng)，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)力解放的目的，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。在土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策全方面實(shí)施的前提下，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)力缺失等問題日益凸顯，這就急需智能化農(nóng)機(jī)的發(fā)展，在智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的帶動(dòng)下，使未來農(nóng)業(yè)擁有較為廣闊的發(fā)展前景。